General Joseph Martin Chapter
Cumberland Gap, TN
Cumberland Gap Patriot
William Wilson
William Wilson was born in Rowan county Nc in 1754. In
September 1776, Wilson was apart of a 2400 man expedition led by
General Griffith Rutherford to fight the Cherokee of Tennessee. During
this expedition, Rutherford and his men burned over 36 Cherokee Indian
villages to the ground.
On June 20, 1780, Wilson participated in the battle of Ramsour mill
located in present day Lincolnton Nc. Ramsour Mill has been caused the
bloodiest local partisan battle of the American Revolution. It was
actually a battle between neighbors whose hatred of each other existed
before the start of the Revolution. The Patriots were led by franis
locke ,while the Tories were led by Lt. John Moore. At the initial start
of the battle the patriots were disorganized and were beaten back in two
consecutive charges up a hill by bayonet charges led by John Moore
against the Patriots.
During the battle, Wilson was wounded when his musket exploded on him
while firing. This was a common occurrence during the revolution caused
by either the soldier not loading the musket properly or due to the
poor manufacture of the. The explosion left Wilson blinded during the
rest of the battle. While trying to get his bearings away from the
battle, Wilson was bayoneted twice, once in each arm,and hit over the
head with the butt of the musket knocking him unconcious.
When a person was bayonetted it left a triangle shaped scar on the
body,and was major cause of Infection which led often times to a body
part being amputated. Wilson was lucky ion this aspect , because no
amputation of any limb was recorded.
By the end of the battle, Locke and his 400 man militia had defeated a
Tory army that was 3 times bigger than their own. The Tory defeat led
to the destruction of the Tory influence and raids in the region Wilson
went back to Rowan county to recuperate,while the rest of the Nc militia
went to sc to join forces with Thomas sumter in the upcoming battle of
Rocky Mount Sc.
In January 1781, Wilson participated in the battle of Cowpens Sc
located near Chesney Sc, under the command of Andrew Pickens. Wilson was
apart of the first line of defense. Pickens had ordered the Nc militia
fire twice and then file to the left of the third line. When the battle
started, The Nc miltia fired twice, but instead of filing to the left
line, they ran as fast as they could to their horses hidden in the
nearby woods, Pickens was able to regroup most of the Nc militia and get
them to file to the third line consisting of mostly Maryland
Continentals.
While on tthe third line, Pickens, and his Nc militia was able to
defeat a Scottish Highlander regiment and capture most of them by the
end of the battle. Cowpens was the first major battle fought in the
southern campaign where the Patriots were able to defeat an army
consisting of British Regular soldiers.This would become Wilson's last
battle. After the battle, Wilson returned to Rowan county.
By 1810, Wilson had moved to Rutherford county Nc. During the War of
1812, Wilson's two sons fought under the command of Andrew Jackson.
During the battle of Horseshoe bend AL, where Jackson fought the Creek
Indians under the command of chief Menawa During the battle, one of
Wilson's sons was killed , while the other was wounded. Jackson went on
to defeat the Creek Nation and force them to sign a the Treaty of Fort
Jackson which ceded twenty three million acres consisting of half of the
state of Alabama and the southern half of Georgia.
In 1817, Wilson died and was buried in Rutherford county.
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