General Joseph Martin Chapter
Cumberland Gap, TN
Cumberland Gap Patriot
Harmon Hopper
Harmon Hopper, NC militia soldier of the Revolutionary
war, was born in April 1760 in Farquar County Virginia. Hopper's
grandfather, William had helped survey Granville County NC and most of
North Carolina for Lord Granville. Sometime before 1781, the Hopper
family is in Caswell County NC. In February 1781, Hopper joined the NC
militia under the command of Josiah Cole.
In February 1781, there were skirmishes with Tories in Alamance and Haw
River, but Hopper was too sick to participate. Camp life was difficult
for most new recruits. Diseases ran rampant killing more soldiers than
bullets or cannon shot. hopper asked to go home to recuperate, and was
granted leave.
In March 1781, Hopper returned to his unit. Hopper's first battle
would be the battle of Guilford Courthouse fought on March 15, 1781.
Guilford was a wilderness outpost in 1781, nothing like the great
metropolis of Greensboro NC which it is apart today. Only one road ran
through the town, the Salisbury road. Hopper was apart of the NC militia
line which consisted of 1060 soldiers situated on the first line of
defense behind a rail fence located beside the Salisbury road.
the NC militia's main adversary during the battle would be the 71st
Highlander regiment of the British Regiment. the British began marching
about 1pm. The NC militia fired the first volley of the battle. Between
one half- one third of the 71st regiment was killed or wounded during
the first initial volley. However this didn't stop the 71st highlander
regiment. The 71st regrouped and started a bayonet charge.
Panic soon ensued in the NC line. different sources give different
reasons for the panic. Some sources say that the panic was due to the
bayonet charge. Bayonet charges were the most effective military
maneuver during the revolutionary war. Most battles of he Revolutionary
war were won or lost due to the bayonet charge than more any other
maneuver. There were also men in the NC militia at Guilford who had
been at Kings Mountain and had fought back 3 bayonet charges of the
British who couldn't understand why the men were now in a panic due to
the bayonet charge. Another cause of the panic was due to a Nc Militia
colonel who shouted" I am being surrounded". what men were not already
in a panic began to flee the field of battle. The 71st highlander
regiment cleared the field of NC militia and the second line of
Virginia militia without any support of any other British Regiment.
The Americans would lose the battle of Guilford courthouse only
due the fact they were the first to leave the field of battle.
Nathaniel Greene , Commander of the American forces could have won the
battle if he had been more aggressive. Some military tacticians say that
Greene should have sent the cavalry of William Washington and Lee
against the demoralized disorganized Webster of the British army, who
had just lost most of his men in a bayonet charge against the third line
of continentals, while charging British commanders Leslie and Ohara with
the third line of Continentals.
Hopper's next battle was the battle of Lindley's Mill NC fought
on September 13, 1781. a group of Tories were escorting the colonial
Governor of NC, Gov. Thomas Burke and his cabinet. Hopper was apart of
the rescue group that ambushed the Tories at Lindley mill. The patriots
were soon able to free Gov. Burke and his cabinet after a brief
skirmish.
Hopper's next and last battle was the battle of Raft swamp NC. fought
on October 15,1781. Raft swamp was one of the battles of a group of
skirmishes nicknamed the Tory war because it involved mostly Tories
against patriots. It was a Civil war that split NC into two factions,
one who supported the Crown of England and one who supported the
patriots.. In this battle of Raft swamp, 600 loyalists fought off a
cavalry unit of Major Graham of which Hopper was apart. 16 loyalists
were killed and 50 wounded..
After the war, Hopper returned to Caswell county where he married Sarah
Cole on August 13, 1783. they would have 5 children from this union.
Sometime between 1820-1830, Hopper moved to Claiborne county. Hopper
died in Claiborne county on February 28,1844 was buried at Pleasant
Point cemetery.
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